21 Day The Five Stans Tour

• Day 1: 

  Arrival in Tashkent
  Today we arrive in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan (hotel check-in from 2 pm).
  
  Overnight in Tashkent.

   

  Included Meal(s): Dinner
• Day 2: 

  Tashkent: City Tour
  Today, we embark on a tour through the heart of Uzbekistan, its bustling capital city, Tashkent. As the third-largest of the former Soviet Republics, Tashkent has witnessed remarkable progress and prosperity since gaining independence. This is evident in the city's modern architecture, exemplified by the impressive capital building that stands proudly at its center.
  
  Our exploration takes us back in time to the Old City, a captivating district steeped in history and culture. We wander through narrow streets lined with ancient mosques and madrassas, Islamic schools that once served as centers of learning and religious instruction. These architectural gems, dating back to the 14th century, are adorned with intricate carvings and ornate details.
  
  A highlight of our visit is the Chorsu Bazaar, a sprawling open market that draws crowds from the surrounding countryside. The vibrant atmosphere is filled with the sights, sounds, and aromas of traditional Uzbek life. Vendors in colorful attire display a wide array of goods, from fresh produce and spices to handcrafted textiles and souvenirs.
  
  Our journey continues to other significant landmarks, including the Kafelsashi Mausoleum, a stunning mausoleum adorned with intricate tilework. We also visit the Barak Khana Medressah, a historic Islamic school, and the Tila Shaikh Mosque, a place of worship with a rich history. Finally, we explore the city's archives, where we delve into the fascinating past of Tashkent and Uzbekistan.
  
  As we conclude our tour, we gain a deeper appreciation for Tashkent's rich cultural heritage and its vibrant present. You will likely have some free time after our tour and before dinner.
  
  Overnight in Tashkent.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 3: 

  Tashkent - Fly to Nukus - Ayaz Kala - Toprak Kala - Khiva
  This is a full-day of travel and sightseeing.
  
  This morning we fly to Nukus (approx 2 hours, not including transfers, check-in/security, baggage claim), the capital of the autonomous region of Karakalpakstan (arguably the "Sixth Stan" of our tour).
  
  Here we visit the famous Savietsky Museum, with its avant-garde art collection. Karakalpakstan is considered to be autonomous due to their ethnic and cultural similarities with neighbouring Kazakhstan. The Soviets once included Karakalpakstan within the boundaries of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic but transferred it to the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936 as part of Stalin's divide and rule strategy in Central Asia.
  
  Our destination within Karakalpakstan is the region known for the Ellik-Qala, or Fifty Fortresses. These ruins date as far back as 2,000+ years ago and they represent the varied settlements of the famed Khorezm empire. We will visit two of the well-known Qalas (fortresses) on our journey. We begin with Toprak Qala (4th-5th century A.D.), now left as a series of mud walls and excavated rooms that entails a short hike up to the top of the complex for great views of the surrounding area. Nearby is Ayaz Qala, commanding a great view over the arid plains surrounding this promontory.
  
  We continue our road journey to Khiva, once the most remote of the Silk Road's oasis cities. Upon arrival in the late afternoon we check into our hotel.
  
  Overnight in Khiva.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 4: 

  Khiva: City Tour
  Legend paints a vivid picture of Khiva's origins, tracing its foundation to Shem, the son of Noah, who discovered a well in this fertile land. While the exact date of its establishment remains shrouded in mystery, historical records confirm Khiva's existence as a minor fort and trading post along a branch of the Silk Road by the 8th century. In the early 16th century, Khiva ascended to prominence as the capital of the Timurid Empire. During this era, the city flourished as a bustling slave market and a pivotal point within the khanate for the following three centuries.
  
  Stepping into Khiva is like stepping back in time. The ancient walled city, Ichan Kala, has remarkably preserved its historic charm, offering a glimpse into life during the emirates. As we wander through its labyrinthine streets, we encounter a captivating blend of architectural wonders and archaeological treasures.
  
  Our exploration begins with the iconic Kalta Minor Minaret, a towering structure that stands as a testament to Khiva's architectural prowess. We then delve into the heart of the city, visiting the Kunya Ark, the inner citadel that once served as the residence of the khan. The Madrassa Rakhimkhon, a grand Islamic school, offers a glimpse into the city's educational heritage.
  
  In the afternoon, we venture beyond the walled city to discover more of Khiva's treasures. The Mausoleum of Pakhlavan Makhmud, a revered Sufi saint, is a place of pilgrimage and a symbol of the city's spiritual significance. The Islam Khodja Minaret and Museum showcase the city's rich history and cultural heritage. We also explore the medieval Friday Mosque, a magnificent structure that has witnessed centuries of worship. Finally, we visit the Tashauli Palace and Harem, offering a glimpse into the lives of the rulers and their families.
  
  With the afternoon at our leisure, we have the opportunity to further immerse ourselves in Khiva's enchanting atmosphere. Whether it's exploring hidden corners of the walled city, savoring local cuisine, or simply soaking up the serene ambiance, our time in Khiva is an unforgettable journey through the heart of Central Asia.
  
  Tomorrow's journey to Turkmenistan: Your Tour Leader will arrange to have our big bags shipped ahead to Bukhara for us, which will make the border crossing into Turkmenistan crossing easier as it involves a "no man's land" of a considerable distance between border posts, over which you would have to carry/wheel your luggage (there is no one available/allow to help). Please bring a collapsible bag (ie duffle) that you can fill with things you will need until we arrive in Bukhara.
  
  You'll likely have some free time before dinner.
  
  Overnight in Khiva.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 5: 

  Khiva, Uzbekistan - Dashauz, Turkmenistan - Fly to Ashgabat
  Today we travel by road to the Turkmenistan border, arriving about mid-morning.* We complete immigration and customs formalities and then proceed to the nearby Turkmen city of Dashauz (Dashoguz), where we will have the opportunity to have some lunch and visit the local bazaar, brimming with fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and much, much more. Great photo opportunities abound here!
  
  Later in the afternoon we will transfer to the airport and fly from Dashauz (Dashoguz) to Ashgabat (Ashkhabad), +/- 50 minutes.
  
  Ashgabat is located in a spectacular natural setting, between the Kara-Kum Desert and the Kopet-Dag mountain range. A settlement on the site of the city was successively occupied by the Parthians, Seljuk Turks, and the Mongols. Under Russian control, it became the administrative capital of the Trans-Caspian oblast, and was the centre of trade between the Russian empire and Persia; the Trans-Caspian railway reached here in 1885. The transliteration of the town's name was changed in 1992 to more accurately reflect the Turkmen original.
  
  * This border crossing involves crossing a "no-man's land" of about 1km. This is made easier by the availability of vans to ferry group members across (it may take several trips). This can be a long day with the border crossing acting as a bit of a "wild card."
  
  Overnight in Ashgabat.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 6: 

  Ashgabat: City Tour
  Today, we embark on a comprehensive journey through the heart of Ashgabat, immersing ourselves in the city's rich history, culture, and architectural marvels.
  
  Our day begins with a visit to the vibrant Russian Bazaar, a bustling marketplace where we can experience the lively atmosphere and discover a diverse range of goods, from local handicrafts to fresh produce. As we wander through the colourful stalls, we'll have the opportunity to interact with friendly vendors and perhaps even bargain for a unique souvenir.
  
  Next, we'll delve into the world of Turkmen textile artistry at the Carpet Museum. A guided tour will reveal the incredible craftsmanship and intricate designs of traditional Turkmen carpets. From the bold geometric patterns to the delicate floral motifs, these carpets are a testament to the country's rich cultural heritage.
  
  Our exploration continues with a visit to the Spiritual Mosque of Turkmenbashi, a grand Islamic complex dedicated to the memory of the country's first president. The mosque's impressive architecture, combined with its serene atmosphere, offers a peaceful respite from the bustling city.
  
  To gain a deeper understanding of Ashgabat's architectural beauty, we'll embark on an orientation tour of the capital. We'll admire the city's wide boulevards, modern skyscrapers, and historic landmarks. From the towering Independence Monument to the elegant government buildings, Ashgabat's architecture showcases a harmonious blend of traditional and contemporary styles.
  
  Venturing beyond the city limits, we'll take a short drive to the ancient Parthian capital of Nissa. This UNESCO World Heritage site offers a glimpse into the region's rich history, with well-preserved ruins of palaces, temples, and fortifications. Exploring Nissa provides a fascinating opportunity to connect with the past and learn about the ancient civilizations that once thrived in Turkmenistan.
  
  Our day wouldn't be complete without witnessing the majestic Akhal-Teke horses, a breed that has long been a source of pride for the Turkmen people. We'll have the chance to admire these elegant and spirited horses, known for their unique golden coat and graceful movements. Interacting with these magnificent creatures will be a truly unforgettable experience.
  
  Overnight in Ashgabat.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 7: 

  Ashgabat - Merv (Mary)
  This is a full-day of travel and sightseeing.
  
  Today we embark on a full-day journey to the city of Mary, a historic gateway to the famed Silk Road city of Merv. Situated in a strategically significant location, Merv has witnessed the rise and fall of numerous civilizations, serving as a vital hub for cultural exchange and political power. It is claimed that in the 12th century, Merv briefly held the title of the world's largest city, a testament to its historical importance.
  
  Upon arriving in Mary, we take a well-deserved break for lunch before delving into the rich history of the region. Our first stop is the fascinating museum,* which houses a treasure trove of archaeological finds unearthed from the ancient city of Merv. These artifacts offer a tangible connection to the past, providing insights into the lives, customs, and beliefs of the people who once inhabited this vibrant metropolis.
  
  Afterward, we venture to the vast expanse of ancient Merv, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Our exploration begins at the Hellenistic fortress of Gaiyur Kala, a testament to the city's early history and its connections to the Greek Empire. We then continue to the sites of Erk Kala and Sultan Kala, remnants of the city's later periods.
  
  As we wander through these ancient ruins, we are transported back in time, imagining the bustling streets, bustling markets, and towering structures that once dominated this landscape. The sense of history is palpable, and the scale of the ancient city is truly awe-inspiring.
  
  Our journey culminates at the impressive mausoleum of Sultan Sanjar, one of the most powerful Khorezmian rulers. This magnificent monument stands as a testament to the sultan's legacy and the grandeur of his reign. As we explore the mausoleum's intricate architecture and admire the intricate carvings, we gain a deeper appreciation for the rich cultural heritage of the region.
  
  * PLEASE NOTE depending on timing, we may visit the National Museum in Ashgabat instead.
  
  Overnight in Merv.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 8: 

  Merv, Turkmenistan - Bukhara, Uzbekistan
  This is a full day of travel and sightseeing; our border crossing can also impact the overall length of our day.
  
  After breakfast, we set off on our road trip through the Karakum Desert, also known as the "Black Desert." This vast expanse of sand dunes stretches across Turkmenistan, offering a dramatic and otherworldly landscape. As we traverse the desert, we witness the stark beauty of its dunes, the shimmering oasis, and the nomadic settlements that dot the landscape.
  
  Our journey takes us to the border crossing, * where we navigate the necessary formalities before entering Uzbekistan. As we cross into the country, we are greeted by a change in scenery, transitioning from the arid desert to the fertile plains of Uzbekistan.
  
  Our destination is the historic city of Bukhara, once the capital of the powerful Emirate of Bukhara. As we approach the city, we are captivated by its ancient architecture and the timeless atmosphere that permeates its streets.
  
  En route, we make a stop at the Chor Bakr Necropolis,** a vast cemetery that spans over a thousand years of history. This sacred site offers a glimpse into the city's past, with its intricate tombstones and mausoleums.
  
  Upon arriving in Bukhara, we immerse ourselves in its enchanting ambiance. The city's well-preserved center, which has remained largely unchanged for two centuries, offers a unique opportunity to experience pre-Russian Turkestan. We explore the massive royal fortress, a symbol of the city's former power, and wander through the labyrinthine streets lined with ancient madrassas, public baths, and the remnants of a once-vast market complex.
  
  * This border crossing also involves a "no-man's land" over which we should be able to utilize vans to bridge the distance. You will still need to be independent with your luggage between buildings.
  
  ** If our border crossing delays us longer than expected, we will take the opportunity to visit Chor Bakr later in our time in the Bukhara area.
  
  Overnight in Bukhara.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 9: 

  Bukhara: City Tour
  Today, we embark on a leisurely walking tour through the enchanting old quarter of Bukhara. This region has been inhabited for an astonishing five millennia, while the city itself has existed for half that time. As a vital hub along the Silk Road, Bukhara has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. Recognizing its exceptional historical and architectural significance, UNESCO has designated the historic center of Bukhara as a World Heritage Site.
  
  Our exploration begins at Labi-hauz, a picturesque 17th-century plaza centered around a tranquil pool. This charming oasis offers a respite from the bustling city, inviting us to relax and soak up the serene atmosphere.
  
  From Labi-hauz, we venture into the city's vibrant bazaars, each with its own unique character. The three domed bazaars, renowned for their architectural beauty and bustling atmosphere, offer a feast for the senses. As we wander through the labyrinthine streets, we encounter a colourful array of goods, from handcrafted textiles and spices to exquisite jewelry and souvenirs.
  
  A highlight of our tour is the towering Kalan Minaret, a 12th-century masterpiece that once held the title of the tallest building in Asia. This iconic landmark stands as a testament to Bukhara's architectural prowess and its historical significance.
  
  Our tour concludes at the Mausoleum of Ismail Samani, a remarkable structure that dates back to around AD 905. This ancient mausoleum, considered one of the most elegant in Central Asia, offers a glimpse into the city's early history and the sophisticated craftsmanship of its builders.
  
  We usually have a block of free time from +/- 13:00.
  
  Overnight in Bukhara.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 10: 

  Bukhara - Train to Samarkand
  Today, we bid farewell to Bukhara and embark on a journey to Sitorai Mokhi-Khosa, the former summer residence of the last Emir of Bukhara. This picturesque oasis, nestled amidst lush gardens and tranquil ponds, offers a glimpse into the opulent lifestyle of the city's royal family.
  
  The history of Sitorai Mokhi-Khosa dates back to the mid-19th century, during the reign of Emir Nasrullakhan. It was under his rule that the first structures in this idyllic location were established. However, it was his successor, Muzaffarkhan, who truly transformed Sitorai Mokhi-Khosa into a magnificent summer palace.
  
  Driven by his love for his wife Sitora-bonu, Muzaffarkhan spared no expense in creating a sumptuous retreat. The most skilled craftsmen from Bukhara were sent to Russia to learn the finest techniques of country residence construction. Upon their return, they embarked on a grand project to build a series of opulent rooms, including a breathtaking throne room. The resulting palace is a harmonious blend of European and Asian architectural styles, reflecting the eclectic tastes of its royal occupants.
  
  We return to old town in Bukhara (our bus leaves to Samarkand with our luggage) and take the afternoon bullet train from Kagan train station (40 minutes' drive from Bukhara) to Samarkand (2 hours 15 minutes). Upon arrival in Samarkand we will be met by our tour bus and transferred to our hotel for a nicely-placed 3-night stay,.
  
  Overnight in Samarkand.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 11: 

  Samarkand: City Tour
  Today, we embark on a full-day exploration of Samarkand, a city steeped in history and renowned as the "Rome of the Orient." Its origins date back to a time when Rome and Babylon were mere fledglings, underscoring its enduring significance.
  
  Our journey begins at the Bibi Khanum Mosque, a magnificent architectural masterpiece that was commissioned by Tamerlane's wife, Bibi Khanum. This grand structure, with its towering minaret and intricate mosaics, stands as a testament to the city's former glory.
  
  Next, we visit the Mausoleum of Tamerlane, a revered figure in Central Asian history. This imposing structure, adorned with exquisite tilework and adorned with the legendary "Black Stone of Tamerlane," is a place of pilgrimage and a symbol of the city's historical significance.
  
  Our exploration continues at the Observatory of Ulugbek, a remarkable astronomical observatory established by the grandson of Tamerlane. Here, we delve into the fascinating world of pre-telescope astronomy, marveling at Ulugbek's groundbreaking achievements in the 15th century.
  
  We also visit the regal mausoleums of Shah-i Zinda, a sacred Islamic shrine that has attracted pilgrims for centuries. The complex boasts a collection of ornate mausoleums, each with its own unique architectural style and historical significance.
  
  To delve deeper into Samarkand's ancient past, we visit the museum located at the archaeological site of Afrosiab. This ancient settlement, dating back to the 8th-early 7th centuries BC, occupies a vast area protected by natural barriers. During the Achaemenid period, the city was fortified with a massive wall, complete with an internal corridor and towers. Scholars believe that Afrasiab corresponds to the ancient Sogdian capital, Marakanda, which was tragically destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.
  
  Overnight in Samarkand.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 12: 

  Samarkand: Registan Square
  Today, we begin our day with a leisurely visit to Registan Square, a captivating oasis of tranquility amidst the bustling city of Samarkand. This iconic square, often likened to the Wonders of the World, is a testament to the city's architectural grandeur.
  
  Three majestic madrassas adorn Registan Square, each a masterpiece of Islamic architecture. To the west stands the Ulug Bek Madrassah, built between 1417 and 1420, a testament to the intellectual pursuits of its namesake. To the east, the Tilya-Kori Madrassah, constructed between 1646 and 1660, dazzles with its intricate golden mosaics and ornate decorations. Between these two architectural marvels lies the Sher-Dor Madrassah, built between 1619 and 1636, renowned for its majestic lions depicted on its facade.
  
  As we explore these magnificent madrassas, we are immersed in a world of artistry and craftsmanship. The once-grand educational institutions now serve as vibrant cultural centers, showcasing a variety of arts and crafts demonstrations. We admire the intricate details of the architecture, marvel at the old photographs that capture the monuments before their Soviet reconstruction, and browse through the diverse collection of handicrafts on display.
  
  After our formal sightseeing, the remainder of the day is yours to explore Samarkand at your own pace. Wander through the labyrinthine streets, discover hidden gems, or simply soak up the enchanting atmosphere of this historic city.
  
  Overnight in Samarkand.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 13: 

  Samarkand, Uzbekistan - Penjikent, Tajikistan
  Today, we bid farewell to the vibrant city of Samarkand and embark on a journey across the Uzbek-Tajik border, venturing into the picturesque city of Penjikent. Our journey begins with a coach ride to Jarteppa, the border crossing that connects Samarkand with Penjikent, Tajikistan's third-largest city.
  
  After completing the necessary border formalities, we say goodbye to Uzbekistan and step into the enchanting landscape of Tajikistan. On the Tajik side, we board our small vehicles for a scenic drive that takes us through the foothills of the majestic Fann Mountains. The journey offers breathtaking vistas of rugged peaks, lush valleys, and crystal-clear rivers.
  
  Upon arriving in Penjikent, we delve into the city's rich history and cultural heritage. Our exploration begins at the Ancient Panjikent Town ruins, a well-preserved walled city that offers a glimpse into the region's past. We continue our journey to the Sarazm Settlement, an archaeological site dating back to the Bronze Age, revealing the early history of the region.
  
  To gain a deeper understanding of Penjikent's cultural heritage, we visit the Rudaki Museum of History and Regional Study. This museum showcases a fascinating collection of artifacts, providing insights into the region's past and present. We also explore the Olim Dodkho Mosque and Medressah, two significant religious structures that reflect the city's Islamic heritage.
  
  * This is the longest distance (approx 700m) that you will be expected to transport your luggage between border points, though it is a flat surface and we will have plenty of time to stop and rest along the way. Presently there are usually no vans available.
  
  Overnight in Penjikent.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 14: 

  Penjikent - Iskanderkul - Dushanbe
  This is a full day of travel and sightseeing.
  
  Today's scenic drive takes us to to Dushanbe, passing through the picturesque landscape of Tajikistan. Our journey begins with a leisurely breakfast, followed by a drive to Iskanderkul Lake, a hidden gem nestled amidst the majestic mountains.
  
  Upon reaching Iskanderkul Lake, we have the opportunity to enjoy some free time to explore its shores, capture breathtaking photos, and indulge in a leisurely walk along the lake's tranquil waters. The serene beauty of the lake, surrounded by towering mountains and lush greenery, provides a perfect escape from the hustle and bustle of city life.
  
  After our leisurely time at Iskanderkul Lake, we continue towards Dushanbe, traversing through the dramatic mountain range. The road winds through scenic valleys, offering panoramic views of the rugged peaks and lush landscapes. We reach a peak of 2500 meters (8200 feet), the highest point on our tour, before descending towards the capital city.
  
  As we approach Dushanbe, we are greeted by a city that blends the charm of its rural hinterland with the modernity of its urban center. The city is surrounded by grassy pastures and snow-capped mountains, creating a picturesque backdrop. Dushanbe's urban landscape is characterized by its numerous parks, lakes, and fountains, providing a refreshing and inviting atmosphere.
  
  The city has undergone significant development in recent years, with the frenetic building projects of the past decade nearing completion. This transformation has resulted in a palpable sense of satisfaction and progress in the city center. The grand plane tree boulevard, Rudaki, serves as a central artery, connecting the city's historic landmarks with its modern icons of statehood. As we stroll along Rudaki Boulevard, we witness a harmonious blend of the old and the new, showcasing Dushanbe's rich cultural heritage and its aspirations for the future.
  
  Overnight in Dushanbe.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 15: 

  Dushanbe: City Tour
  Today, we delve into the rich cultural heritage of Dushanbe with a visit to the Museum of Antiquities. This fascinating museum houses a vast collection of artifacts that offer a glimpse into Tajikistan's ancient past. Among the highlights are the colossal reclining Buddha, the burial place of the Sarazm princess, a treasure trove of Tajik antiques, and ancient wall paintings from Penjikent.
  
  The city's name, Dushanbe, translates to "Monday" in Tajik, reflecting its origins as a village that served as a popular Monday marketplace. As we explore Dushanbe, we witness the city's transformation from a humble village to a thriving capital.
  
  Our tour also includes a visit to the Navruz Palace, a magnificent cultural center that showcases the talents of skilled local artisans. This privately funded project is a testament to the city's cultural vitality and the passion of its citizens.
  
  We continue with a visit to the city's beautiful Botanical Gardens, a serene oasis that offers a respite from the urban hustle and bustle. Our final stop is the Bag-i-Rudaki, a picturesque park named after the renowned Tajik poet, Ismail Somoni. The park features a towering statue of Somoni, a symbol of Tajik national pride.
  
  Overnight in Dushanbe.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 16: 

  Dushanbe, Tajikistan - Fly to Almaty, Kazakhstan
  Today, we travel fly to Almaty (+/- 2 hours), the vibrant cultural capital of Kazakhstan. Depending on our flight arrival time, we may have the opportunity to explore some of the city's fascinating attractions.
  
  One of the highlights of our visit is Zhenkov's Cathedral, an extraordinary example of Russian Orthodox church architecture built entirely of wood. This magnificent cathedral, constructed in 1904, stands as a testament to the city's rich history and cultural diversity.
  
  Zhenkov's Cathedral is nestled within the picturesque Panfilov Park, a popular destination for families and locals alike. As we stroll through the park, we can soak up the peaceful ambiance, admire the lush greenery, and enjoy the relaxed atmosphere.
  
  In addition to the cathedral, we will have the opportunity to visit the recently reopened Museum of Musical Instruments, also located within Panfilov Park. This fascinating museum showcases a diverse collection of musical instruments from around the world, offering a glimpse into the rich musical heritage of Kazakhstan and beyond.
  
  Whether we explore these attractions upon arrival or at a later time, our visit to Almaty promises to be a memorable experience.
  
  This is a fairly easy-going day; however, the flight time can impact the convenience factor. We typically have free time from +/- 15:00.
  
  Overnight in Almaty.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 17: 

  Almaty: City Tour
  Today, we have a full-day tour of Almaty, a relatively young city compared to its Central Asian counterparts. Founded in 1854 by Russian settlers, Almaty initially existed as a small fort. Its name has evolved through various stages, from Zailisky to Verny, before finally settling on Alma-Ata ("Father of Apples") in 1929. In 1993, the city's name was changed to Almaty.
  
  Our tour begins with a visit to the renowned Medeo high-altitude speed-skating complex, a world-class facility nestled amidst the scenic mountain landscape. We also explore the nearby Medeo Dam, a vital infrastructure project that plays a crucial role in the region's water supply.
  
  For panoramic views of the city and the surrounding Zailiyskiy Alatau mountain range, we ascend to Kok-Tobe, a large promontory that offers breathtaking vistas. From this vantage point, we can appreciate the city's urban layout, its natural beauty, and the majestic mountains that form its backdrop.
  
  Returning to the city center, we delve into its cultural heritage at the Central State Museum. This museum boasts an impressive collection of Scythian art, showcasing the rich artistic traditions of the region's ancient inhabitants. We also explore the rock drawings that depict the ancient Nestorian pilgrim movement along the Great Silk Routes, offering a glimpse into the city's historical significance.
  
  The museum's ethnic section is a highlight, featuring a dedicated hall that showcases the diverse cultures and traditions of Kazakhstan's nomadic tribes. This section provides valuable insights into the region's rich heritage and the nomadic lifestyle that has shaped its identity.
  
  To experience the city's modern infrastructure, we may take a short detour to explore a couple of Almaty's metro stations, which were completed in 2011. The metro system features two lines, each adorned with unique and artistic designs that reflect the city's culture and history.
  
  Overnight in Almaty.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 18: 

  Almaty, Kazakhstan - Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
  Today, we cross the border* into the Kyrgyz Republic to the vibrant city of Bishkek, the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic. Originally known as Pishpek, the city's name has evolved through the years, reflecting the political changes that have shaped its history.
  
  In 1926, Pishpek became the capital of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Republic. Later, in 1936, it was renamed Frunze in honour of a prominent political organizer of the Civil War who hailed from the city. Today, Bishkek stands as a modern metropolis, characterized by its vast squares, bustling bazaars, impressive administrative centers, and thriving educational institutions.
  
  Our exploration of Bishkek begins with a visit to Oak Park, a serene green space that offers a respite from the city's bustling streets. We continue our journey to Central Square, a vibrant hub of activity where locals gather and tourists explore. The iconic Statue of Manas, a legendary Kyrgyz hero, stands proudly in the center of the square.
  
  We also visit Victory Square, a monument dedicated to the country's war heroes. This poignant site serves as a reminder of Kyrgyzstan's sacrifices during World War II.
  
  T0 dive deeper into the country's history and culture, we visit the National Historical Museum. This impressive building, once the Lenin Museum, has been transformed to reflect Kyrgyzstan's newfound independence. While two of its three floors have been repurposed to showcase the nation's rich heritage, one floor remains dedicated to the memory of Lenin, complete with a towering statue that serves as a reminder of the Soviet era.
  
  * This is an easy crossing with a short distance across a bridge.
  
  Overnight in Bishkek.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 19: 

  Bishkek - Lake Issyk-Kul
  Today, we enjoy a scenic drive along the shores of Lake Issyk-Kul, a breathtaking natural wonder that ranks as the tenth largest lake in the world by volume. Surrounded by snow-capped peaks, this saline lake defies the elements, remaining unfrozen throughout the year, hence its name, which translates to "warm lake" in Kyrgyz.
  
  As we journey along the lake's picturesque coastline, we reach the town of Cholpon-Ata, a charming destination nestled amidst the natural beauty of the region. Our exploration begins with a visit to the petroglyphs located above the town. These ancient etchings, dating back between 1,900 and 2,800 years, offer a glimpse into the lives of the Saka-Usun peoples who inhabited this area before the arrival of the Kyrgyz.
  
  The petroglyphs depict a variety of scenes, including animals such as wolves and deer, and the hunters who pursued them. These intricate carvings provide a tangible connection to the region's distant past, offering insights into the cultural practices, beliefs, and daily life of its ancient inhabitants.
  
  To delve deeper into the region's history and culture, we visit a small regional museum that showcases a fascinating collection of artifacts and ethnological displays. The museum offers a glimpse into the diverse heritage of the area, highlighting the unique traditions, customs, and artistic expressions of its people.
  
  This full-day excursion, filled with scenic drives and cultural exploration, provides a leisurely and enriching experience. As we journey around Lake Issyk-Kul and explore its ancient treasures, we gain a deeper appreciation for the natural beauty and cultural richness of this remarkable region.
  
  Overnight at Lake Issyk-Kul.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 20: 

  Lake Issyk-Kul - Bishkek
  Today's journey takes us back to Bishkek, retracing the scenic route we took to Lake Issyk-Kul. Along the way, we make a stop at the Burana Tower, a historic monument located at the mouth of the Shamsy Valley.
  
  Dating back to the 11th century, Burana Tower stands as a testament to the region's rich history. Restored by the Soviets in the 1950s, this iconic structure offers visitors the opportunity to climb its minaret for panoramic views of the ancient city walls of Balasagun, a fortification built by the Sogdians.
  
  As we explore the surrounding area, we witness a fascinating demonstration of nomadic games, performed by skilled horsemen from the nearby village. These traditional games showcase the equestrian skills and athletic prowess of the local people. One of the highlights is "horse wrestling," where two riders compete to unseat each other from their horses. The intensity and agility of the riders are truly impressive. Another captivating game is "snatching up bags," where riders gallop at full speed, attempting to grab bags from the ground. The skill and precision required for this feat are remarkable.
  
  Finally, we witness the exhilarating game of "Kok-Boru," a unique form of horse polo. In this game, players use a headless, limbless goat as the object of competition, aiming to score it into the opposing team's goal. The physical strength and coordination needed to wrestle and carry the goat are extraordinary.
  
  The winners of these traditional games are rewarded with the goat, which will be used for the evening meal in their village. This practice reflects the cultural significance of these games and their role in the community's traditions and celebrations.
  
  This is a full day but a relatively short distance broken up with several stops of interest. This evening back in Bishkek we'll enjoy our last Central Asian dinner.
  
  Overnight in Bishkek.

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner
• Day 21: 

  Departure
  Departure from Bishkek.
  
  BON VOYAGE!

   

  Included Meal(s): Breakfast

*The red tour trail on the map does not represent the actual travel path.